2023-12-10 22:14:13 人气：113
2023 年 4 月 15 日雅思听力考题回忆
PartOne
Version：旧题
场景：对话
题型：填空
内容概述：关于参加活动报名的对话
答案回忆：
no more than two words
1. 463 Beacon Avenue
2. Date: 27 June
3. sailing for girls
4. confidence
5. certificate
6. drama
7. cookery
8. gold
9. need to rent wetsuit
10. when should they meet: before 7 am
（答案仅供参考）
PartTwo
Version：旧题
场景：地点介绍
题型：多选题+匹配题
内容回忆：介绍本地植物园
答案回忆:
11-14
11-12. what free demonstration will there be
C. trimming branches guidance
D. set pocket ladybugs for free
13-14. which place’s volunteer work will help you currently?
A. café
D. gift shops
15-20
15. Murrygarden: native plants
16. Vincent garden: living in dry land, can store water
17. Smith garden: edible plants
18. Lulean Garden: alternative plants to your yard
19. Gameron garden: adding soil nutrient, organic fertilizer
20. Sadioly garden: has special color
（答案仅供参考）
PartThree
Version：旧题
场景：对话
题型：单选+多选题
内容回忆: 关于儿童肥胖和运动之间关系讨论
21-26
21. the main idea of the paper is
C. increased children obesity
22. why care about exercise instead of diet
B. less is known about exercise
23. what is the professor’s opinion?
C. more accurate statistics data
24. the parents driving children to and from school leads to
B. the increase of two cars in family
25. current problem met by early researchers?
B. not knowing where to start
26. 暂无
27-30
27-28. choose the reference criteria of the control group in this experiment
C. similar age
D. the same distance to schools
29-30. what does it expect to discover from students who walk to school?
A. less rate of being obese
C. more sports activities
（答案仅供参考）
PartFour
Version：旧
场景：介绍
题型：填空
内容回忆: 讲述了一项经济与信任的实验及其结果
答案回忆:
31. when kindness occurs, oxygen will be released
32. recognize a person’s face
33. obligation/responsibility to return the money
34. when returning the money, with a higher level of oxygen
35. the first person has no expectation
36. involved a risk, so it is conditional
37. oxygen release when interaction starts
38. trust involves a cooperation process
39. understand trust reduce poverty
40. oxygen can be seen as a social glue
（答案仅供参考）
2023 年 4 月 15 日雅思阅读考题回忆
PassageOne
新旧情况：新
题材：社会话题
题目：暂无
题型：判断题+填空题
文章大意：
热气球南美和东南亚文明的联系的研究
答案回忆：
（暂无待补充）
参考文章：
（暂无待补充）
PassageTwo
新旧情况：新
题材：社会研究
题目：暂无
题型：段落信息匹配题+人名匹配题+填空题
文章大意:
音乐和情绪的关系
答案回忆：
（暂无待补充）
类似文章:
Music and the emotions
Why does music make us feel? On the one hand, music is a purely abstract art form, devoid of language or explicit ideas. And yet, even though music says little, it still manages to touch us deeply. When listening to our favourite songs, our body betrays all the symptoms of emotional arousal. The pupils in our eyes dilate, our pulse and blood pressure rise, the electrical conductance of our skin is lowered, and the cerebellum, a brain region associated with bodily movement, becomes strangely active. Blood is even re-directed to the muscles in our legs. In other words, sound stirs us at our biological roots.
A recent paper in Neuroscience by a research team in Montreal, Canada, marks an important step in repealing the precise underpinnings of ‘the potent pleasurable stimulus’ that is music. Although the study involves plenty of fancy technology, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and ligand-based positron emission tomography (PET) scanning, the experiment itself was rather straightforward. After screening 217 individuals who responded to advertisements requesting people who experience ‘chills’ to instrumental music, the scientists narrowed down the subject pool to ten. They then asked the subjects to bring in their playlist of favourite songs - virtually every genre was represented, from techno to tango - and played them the music while their brain activity was monitored. Because the scientists were combining methodologies (PET and fMRI), they were able to obtain an impressively exact and detailed portrait of music in the brain. The first thing they discovered is that music triggers the production of dopamine - a chemical with a key role in setting people’s moods - by the neurons (nerve cells) in both the dorsal and ventral regions of the brain. As these two regions have long been linked with the experience of pleasure, this finding isn’t particularly surprising.
What is rather more significant is the finding that the dopamine neurons in the caudate-a region of the brain involved in learning stimulus-response associations, and in anticipating food and other ‘reward’ stimuli - were at their most active around 15 seconds before the participants’ favourite moments in the music. The researchers call this the ‘anticipatory phase’ and argue that the purpose of this activity is to help us predict the arrival of our favourite part. The question, of course, is what all these dopamine neurons are up to. Why are they so active in the period preceding the acoustic climax? After all, we typically associate surges of dopamine with pleasure, with the processing of actual rewards. And yet, this cluster of cells is most active when the ‘chills’ have yet to arrive, when the melodic pattern is still unresolved.
One way to answer the question is to look at the music and not the neurons. While music can often seem (at least to the outsider) like a labyrinth of intricate patterns, it turns out that the most important part of every song or symphony is when the patterns break down, when the sound becomes unpredictable. If the music is too obvious, it is annoyingly boring, like an alarm clock. Numerous studies, after all, have demonstrated that dopamine neurons quickly adapt to predictable rewards. If we know what’s going to happen next, then we don’t get excited. This is why composers often introduce a key note in the beginning of a song, spend most of the rest of the piece in the studious avoidance of the pattern, and then finally repeat it only at the end. The longer we are denied the pattern we expect, the greater the emotional release when the pattern returns, safe and sound.
To demonstrate this psychological principle, the musicologist Leonard Meyer, in his classic book Emotion and Meaning in Music (1956), analysed the 5th movement of Beethoven’s String Quartet in C-sharp minor, Op. 131. Meyer wanted to show how music is defined by its flirtation with - but not submission to - our expectations of order. Meyer dissected 50 measures (bars) of the masterpiece, showing how Beethoven begins with the clear statement of a rhythmic and harmonic pattern and then, in an ingenious tonal dance, carefully holds off repeating it. What Beethoven does instead is suggest variations of the pattern. Me wants to preserve an element of uncertainty in his music, making our brains beg for the one chord he refuses to give us. Beethoven saves that chord for the end.
According to Meyer, it is the suspenseful tension of music, arising out of our unfulfilled expectations, that is the source of the music’s feeling. While earlier theories of music focused on the way a sound can refer to the real world of images and experiences - its ‘connotative’ meaning - Meyer argued that the emotions we find in music come from the unfolding events of the music itself. This ‘embodied meaning’ arises from the patternsthe symphony invokes and then ignores. It is this uncertainty that triggers the surge of dopamine in the , as
we struggle to figure out what will happen next. We can predict some of the notes, but we can’t predict them
all, and that is what keeps us listening, waiting expectantly for our reward, for the pattern to be completed.
Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.
The Montreal Study
Participants, who were recruited for the study through advertisements, had their brain activity
monitored while listening to their favourite music. It was noted that the music stimulated the brain’s
neurons to release a substance called 27…………………………. in two of the parts of the brain
which are associated with feeling 28…………………………..
Researchers also observed that the neurons in the area of the brain called the
29……………………………. were particularly active just before the participants’ favourite moments
in the music ? the period known as the 30…………………………. Activity in this part of the brain is
associated with the expectation of ‘reward’ stimuli such as 31………………………….
Questions 32-36
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter in boxes 32-36 on your answer sheet.
32. What point does the writer emphasise in the first paragraph?
A. how dramatically our reactions to music can vary
B. how intense our physical responses to music can be
C. how little we know about the way that music affects us
D. how much music can tell us about how our brains operate
33.What view of the Montreal study does the writer express in the second paragraph?
A. Its aims were innovative.
B. The approach was too simplistic.
C. It produced some remarkably precise data.
D. The technology used was unnecessarily complex.
34.What does the writer find interesting about the results of the Montreal study?
A. the timing of participants’ neural responses to the music
B. the impact of the music on participants’ emotional state
C. the section of participants’ brains which was activated by the music
?D. the type of music which had the strongest effect on participants’ brains
35.Why does the writer refer to Meyer’s work on music and emotion?
A. to propose an original theory about the subject
B. to offer support for the findings of the Montreal study
C. to recommend the need for further research into the subject
D. to present a view which opposes that of the Montreal researchers
36.According to Leonard Meyer, what causes the listener’s emotional response to music?
A. the way that the music evokes poignant memories in the listener
B. the association of certain musical chords with certain feelings
C. the listener’s sympathy with the composer’s intentions
D. the internal structure of the musical composition
Questions 37-40
Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-F, below.
Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.
A. our response to music depends on our initial emotional state.
B. neuron activity decreases if outcomes become predictable.
C. emotive music can bring to mind actual pictures and events.
D. experiences on our past can influence our emotional reaction to music.
E. emotive music delays giving listeners what they expect to hear.
F. neuron activity increases prior to key points in a musical piece.
PassageThree
新旧情况：新
题材：社会话题
题目：暂无
题型：配对题+细节配对题+选择题
文章大意:
远程办公经济
答案回忆：
28-35 配对
28.F
29.A
30.C
31.I
?32.M
33.K
34.H
35.D
36-39 匹配
36.A
37.C
38.F
39.D
40.选择
40.C
(答案仅供参考)
参考文章:
Teleworking
A
Teleworking ? working remotely from an office- is said to have many benefits for organizations, the
environment and society. It provokes mixed reactions from its acolytes and those that experience it first
hand. Whether you like it or not, it is true to say that work is no longer dependent on geography and this
opens up a range of opportunities for working in new ways and environments.
B
The surveys show “that the productivity increase is not primarily because of longer working hours (as is
sometimes suggested). Although prevalent, working more is just one of a number of influencing factors, and
not the most important.” An unusual comparison of the performance of teleworkers with a closely matched
control group of non-teleworkers found that not only was productivity higher but also that absenteeism and
error rates were lower.
C
?Two other areas where SUSTEL has added to the economic impact knowledge base is its effect on
absenteeism and space utilization. In the case of absenteeism, over 60 per cent of those surveyed stated that
telework had enabled them to work when they were prevented from reaching a work location (usually
through illness or transport problems). Around half the cases also identified substantial reductions in space
requirements ? to the point where one organization had completely done away with a central office. Changes
in non-commuting travel on weekends: home-based workers, which includes a substantial population of
people who are not telecommuters, spend more time shopping out of the home than traditional workers.
D
Half-time telecommuting could reduce carbon emissions by over 51 million metric tons a year―the
equivalent of taking all of New York’s commuters off the road. Additional carbon footprint savings will
come from reduced: office energy, roadway repairs, urban heating, office construction, business travel, paper
usage (as electronic documents replace paper). Although energy utilization will continue to grow as we
expand our industry and improve our standard of living, efficient use of energy will always be of prime
importance. By telecommuting to work instead of using more conventional methods, there is a great potential
to save energy. The three major areas where energy can be conserved are Vehicle-related materials and
resources; Highway-related materials and resources; and work-related materials and resources.
E
A tremendous amount of energy is required to produce transportation equipment such as automobiles, buses,
trains and jet aircraft. If telecommuting is promoted, there will be less use of this equipment and less energy
will be required for production, maintenance and repair of this equipment. Fuel resources and gasses needed
to operate this equipment will be reduced, as well the building and repair of highways and maintenance
requires a large consumption of energy, not only in the operation of the highway construction and repair
equipment but also in the manufacture and transportation of the required materials. An increase in the
percentage of people telecommuting to work will decrease the need for expanded highways and associated
road maintenance. The first two areas related to getting to work.
F
Socially, the SUSTEL research found that most survey respondents felt that teleworking gave them a better quality of life and work-life balance. Many also reported health benefits. A significant number also stated that they were using local services more and becoming more involved in their local communities. The loss of teamwork and team spirit within teleworking populations was tackled through ideas such as Oracle’s ‘FUNctional’ offices. Designed to increase communication and interaction when people are at the office, they are bright and focused around a central cafe to stimulate ideas and face-to-face contact.
G
The finding that many teleworkers report both longer working hours and a better quality of life is paradoxical. More time working is usually associated with increased stress, domestic tension and other factors that reduce the quality of life. One possible explanation is that, for many individuals, their increased working hours will be less than the time they have saved in commuting. Hence, they still have more time available for family and other activities. For some, the stress associated with commuting (especially for long distances) may be less than that arising from additional working time. Perhaps most significantly, teleworking can in effect create time through opportunities for multi-tasking or greater control of activities.
?As one survey respondent noted. “Although the amount of time has not changed it has made the weekends freer, as domestic activities can be fitted in during lunchtimes or early morning.”
H
When you work in an office or a cubicle and something goes wrong with any hardware or software you have the option of calling in the IT man. In fact, all of the equipment that you use at the office is supported by technical staff. That means regular updates and maintenance for various and sundry office tools like land-line phones, computers, internet connections, laptops, cell phones, printers, and other office equipment is all up to you when you work from home, you’ll surely encounter technical problems and when you do, where do you get the support and help you need? If your computer hard drive crashed today, would you have the funds to replace it?
Questions 1-8:
Complete the summary using the list of words, A-N below.
Write the correct letter, A-N, in boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet.
A. pollution
B. internet energy
C. paper usage
D. construction and maintenance
E. materials
F. shopping
G. productivity
H. fuels and gases
I. electronically
J. IT
K. equipment
L. company
M. work-related
N. geography
Questions 9-12:
Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-F, below.
Write the correct letter, A-F, in box 9-12 on your answer sheet.
A. stress and tension.
B. consumption of goods.
C. the problem of less communication with colleagues.
D. many problems when equipment doesn’t work.
E. transport equipment such as automobiles.
F. technical supporters.
Questions 13:
Answer question 13 and choose the correct letter A, B, C or D.
A. surprised by its fast growth
?B. unconcerned about the future pattern
C. believe it is generally positive and encouraging
D. worried in the economical problems arise
?A 类小作文
图表类型
Task 1: Map
作文题目
图书馆 5 年的变化
作文图片
(暂无待补充)
A 类大作文
作文题目
Task 2：Some people think paying taxes is a big enough contribution to their society, while
others think people have more responsibilities as members of society than only paying
taxes. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
题型类别：讨论型
题材类别：社会类
类似旧题：2015 年 7 月 23 日类似考题
参考范文
Paying taxes has become a necessity and it is one of the only certainties life has to offer.
Certain individuals argue that paying taxes is enough of a contribution to society whereas
others consider they have a wider variety of duties.
In this day and age, there are a large range of taxes including those levied on the sales of
goods and services, owning, buying or selling property and even on capital gains such as
stocks or bonds. Furthermore, taxes are taken out of people’s income, meaning that almost
every taxpayer is working to contribute to the state. By contributing to government revenue, taxpayers are funding various services for the entire population including healthcare,education and infrastructure development, to name a few.
On the contrary, it can be argued that members of society ought to contribute in other ways not related to monetary considerations. For instance, people need to care for their
environments by saving water or resources, categorizing trash and recyclables as well as avoid emitting pollutants. Moreover, people need to care for each other and ensure their
communities are safe and nurturing for future generations to thrive. In addition, members of society also need to follow the laws to make sure that everyone lives in a peaceful and
comfortable area.
From my point of view, although paying taxes is a significant contribution to society, it is
essential for people to also contribute in other, non-monetary ways. The way people behave and treat each other as well as their surroundings also contributes to having a successful and prosperous lifestyle.
（In total : 260 words）
范文由环球教育加拿大国籍外教 Khalid Hasmath 老师本人执笔创作，仅供学术交流。