托福经典加试题阅读

刷过阅读题的小伙伴们都知道，长难句少则两三行，多则五六行，甚至会出现一整段只有一句话的情况。长难句通常会出句子简化题（细节题和推断题也常涉及长难句）。

长难句的难点就在于长，中文表达中很少会有如此冗长的句子，所以大家初见英文文章长难句会很不习惯。

简单说，长难句就是ETS为了测试你的英语水平，确保你具备像native speaker那样的阅读能力，不影响你日后到国外读书时阅读外文资料。所以阅读长难句必须是一项你必备的能力。

长难句是阅读的基石，得长难句者得阅读，得阅读者，得托福！！

而在考试中，解决托福长难句最要紧的一个方法就是“精读”，大家也清楚明白地知道阅读文章精读很重要，但是究竟怎么个精读方法呢？（以下为维夕原创内容，未经允许，不得转载。）

下面来看几个例子：

第一步：简化句子：

【例1】

Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep―ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space．

咱们先来看看这个句子，第一眼看到最后其实我们可以发现这是in some ways引导的定语后置从句，按照刚刚说的，我们先来简化一下这句话：

分句1：Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures

分句2：hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface

分句3：the deep―ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans

分句4：in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space

接着往下分析，我们可以发现：

分句2修饰分句1结尾的短语 intense pressures，

分句1是分句3的原因状语，

分句3是整个长句子的主句，

分句4是分句3的后置定语，修饰分句3的 a hostile environment to humans。

那么整个句子的结构就是：原因状语+主句+后置定语，也就是说，这是主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是本句其实不是复合句。句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。

那么简化、分析完之后，咱们再将句子中的其它修饰成分还原回去，于是整句话的意思就是：

由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。

这样去练习长难句，是不是感觉变简单了很多呢？再举几个例子：

【例2】

Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth．

这是一个倒装结构：Basic to any understanding…is…

第一步：简化

分句1：Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War

分句2：is

分句3：the country's impressive population growth

第二步：分析

分句1，2，3共同构成倒装句，正常的语序应该是3，2，1，

即：该句的正常语序是The country's impressive population growth is basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War．

第三步：还原

本句是一个简单句，只不过使用了倒装，谓语动词是is.

整句话的意思就是：要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。

【例3】

As a result，claims that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore．

这是一个同位语从句：claims that…

第一步：简化

分句1： that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health

分句2：claims have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore

第二步：分析

分句2嵌套分句1，分句1作为分句2主语的同位语从句嵌套在分句2中。

因此本句的主句是claims have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore.那些观点广为人知，并成为一些民间说法的基础 。

同位语从句是that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health：只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康

第三步：还原

整句话的意思就是：结果，那些认为只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康的观点广为人知，并成为一些民间说法的基础。

【例4】

But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth．

这是一个Of结构作定语：of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs…

第一步：简化

分句1：But these factors do not account for the interesting question

分句2：of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth

第二步：分析

分句1嵌套分句2；

分句2是Of结构作后置定语修饰说明question的内容。

第三步：还原

整句话的意思就是：但这些因素并不能解释这个有趣的问题：为何在一个特定的地点会如此集中地出现即将临产的怀孕鱼龙群。

【例5】

A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality，finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound，from a liquid ， singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance．

这是一个介词结构from…to…作定语的句子

第一步：简化

分句1：A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century

分句2：including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it

分句3：the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality

分句4：finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects

分句5：from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound

分句6：from a liquid，singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance

第二步：分析

本句的真正的主句结构其实是由分句1和分句4构成，即A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects，

分句2和分句3并列修饰说明分句1中的A series of mechanical improvements，

而分句5和分句6并列，修饰说明了分句4中的an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects

第三步：还原

整句话的意思就是：持续到19世纪的一系列机械上的改进，包括引入踏板以维持音调或使其柔和，改善金属框架，以及使用最佳性能的钢丝，最终产生了一种具备无数音调效果的乐器――这些效果涵盖了从最精致的和声到几乎 全部的管弦乐音响，从明快流畅的吟唱音调到尖锐的打击乐器的恢弘气氛。

只要严格按照这三个步骤分析，长难句真的不难，分析得好的话分分钟变成短易句，希望大家都可以多多练习，学会把句子读短、读懂，然后再把句子读长，这样就能妥妥拿下长难句了。

搞定了长难句才能搞定阅读，搞定了阅读，就可以有更多的时间搞口语和写作，托福110+真的不是什么难事，只要你想，都是触手可及的！！

最后留几道题，大家可以尝试用这种方法，看看自己都掌握了没喔~

1.For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra，and very often the principal qualification for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces．

2.Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity ， the number of species in a particular ecosystem，to the health of the Earth and human well-being.

3.The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests does not seem surprising，considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species．

http://4.In a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth，Donald Barthelme，and Thomas Pynchon, Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence on the the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction．

http://5.In the railroads' prime years，between 1890 and 1920，there were a few individuals in the United States ， most of them with solid railroading experience behind them ， who made a profession of writing about railroading--works offering the ambience of stations，yards，and locomotive cabs．

像这样的真题还有很多，都是考场上比较常见和经典的题型，咱们对120句长难句做出了详细解析，这是托福备考搞定长难句的必备资料（你懂的~）